Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Father of psychology

Brain science is the study of mental life, both of its wonders and their conditions. The marvels are such things like sentiments, wants, comprehensions, thinking, choices, and so forth. When these are marvels are cursorily thought of, their assortment and intricacy leaves a riotous impact on the observer.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Father of brain research explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different people attempted to sort out these wonders so as to think of a formally dressed order, the advanced brain science. Because of the high number of supporters of this field, the real establishing ‘father of psychology’ is questioned. This paper looks at various key figures related with the brain science. The paper, in any case, singles out one figure that best fits the portrayal of being the ‘father of psychology’. Two of the most punctual originators of brain research are Plato (428-347 B.C.E) and Aristotle (384-322). T hese two well known Greek rationalists had extensive impact on Western idea. Albeit nor is most popular for his mental thoughts, both have affected Western originations of the psyche. For example, Plato accepted that reality lay in unique ideas, or structures that could be gotten a handle on through explanation alone. He contends that the information we get from our faculties is fleeting and, consequently, illusionary. The thought of an innate mental capacity to get a handle on ideas and classifications is reliable with current subjective brain research and neuroscience, in spite of the fact that the excusal of ‘sense data’ isn't. Aristotle was tremendously enchanted of the regular world and accepted information to originate from methodical, consistent thinking about our perceptions of nature. He held that the limit with respect to legitimate thinking is intrinsic, however the substance of our insight must be gotten a handle on through our faculties. Along these lines, Aristotle foreseen the establishments of present day science. Plato likewise had thoughts regarding feelings and passionate control that foreseen Freud’s hypotheses of the sense of self and the id. Plato’s three-section division of the spirit into craving, reason, and temper has been connected to Freud’s division of the brain into id, sense of self, and superego.Advertising Looking for paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato likewise had faith in controlling the substantial interests so as to turn one’s want toward loftier objectives. This is portrayed in his illustration of the spirit as a charioteer with a couple of winged horses. One horse is everlasting like that of the divine beings and tries toward examination of profound magnificence. The other horse is mortal and plunges toward earth and toward bestial interests and want. The chariot must get control over the horse of creature cravings all together for the spirit to increase genuine satisfaction. The natural horse can be attached to the id and the charioteer to the self image. On more misfortune grounds, the undying horse can be connected to the superego . The thoughts of the Greek rationalists were scattered through the Roman Empire and stayed compelling until its fall in the fourth century C.E. By at that point, Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire, and following the fall of Rome, the Christian church was basically the main enduring organization. Albeit numerous parts of agnostic philosophical idea were incorporated into chapel instructing, whatever didn't fit with Christian philosophy was viewed as shocking. Medieval Christianity laid accentuation on the following scene than on our bliss inside this one. After the European Renaissance (fifteenth - sixteenth hundreds of years), there was an ocean change of social and scholarly qualities. Rationalists began to return to those plans to make another method of seeing the psyche. In spite of the fact that brain research as an order didn't exist, theory was starting to lay the foundation for what could later become brain science . There are various thinkers who lived during this period, and who made different commitments to the field of brain science. These incorporate Descartes (1596), Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677), Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), and John Locke (1632-1704). Fundamentally, Descartes made the idea of the brain up front of his way of thinking. His well known expression, ‘I think, thusly, I am’ joins the psychological capacity of intuition to the verification of his very existence.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Father of brain research explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was a naturalist who deliberately watched thyme regular world and even analyzed creatures to look at the connections between the psychological and real procedures. Truth be told, Cartesian dualism, the thought that the psyche and the body are independent substances, keeps on rousing discussion right up 'til the present time. Another medieval rationalist was Spinoza. He was a Sephardic Jew living in the Netherlands however he was later suspended from the Jewish people group for what he named as blasphemous compositions. Spinoza accepted that our primary mental drive was the advancement and insurance of our prosperity and endurance. This thought foreseen developmental brain science. He likewise accepted our three essential feelings to be joy, agony, and want. This signals the condition of our prosperity. This idea foreseen Freud’s joy standard. Spinoza additionally trained that our intellectual evaluation of a circumstance decides our passionate reaction. Basically, how we consider any occasion will shape how we feel about it. All things considered, it is conceivable to change our feelings by changing our considerations. This is the fundamenta l standard behind subjective treatment, which was spearheaded in the mid-twentieth century by Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis . Another medieval savant, Thomas Hobbes was generally celebrated for his political way of thinking and his perspective on life in the status of nature as forlorn, awful, harsh, and brief†. He additionally held thoughts regarding cognizance and memory by accepting that all our insight originates from our sense impressions. Memories are the buildup of the underlying sense impressions, much the same as waves that proceed considerably after the breeze ceases.Advertising Searching for article on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More He noticed that thoughts get connected in memory when the sense impressions initially happen close in time. This idea of cooperative memory turned into the premise of behaviorism, a mental development that emerged in the twentieth century. John Locke was another political thinker of the medieval period. He partitioned thoughts into two classes to be specific sensation and reflection. When brain science made its mark as a free order, the logical upheaval had been two centuries old. Considerably more was thought about the sensory system, the cerebrum and the concoction and electrical procedures in the body than could have been longed for by the previous thinkers. The logical strategy had kept on advancing and innovation took into consideration refined instruments of estimation. In that capacity, when brain research burst on the scene in the late 1880s, its defenders were anxious to demonstrate to this new field as commendable as a science as some other science as some other order. All things considered, headways in the field of brain research changed course from a way of thinking focused control to an increasingly logical one. One of the spearheading researchers cum clinician to address mental inquiries utilizing logical methods was Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920). In spite of the fact that he was not the first to receive such a direction, he was the first to set up a logical lab committed explicitly to brain research. This was done in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. Albeit various researchers had made commitments concerning our comprehension of sensation and recognition before Wundt’s, none of them viewed himself as an analyst as such. These included Ernst Weber, Herrmann Helmholtz, and Gustav Fechner. In deed, many have considered Wundt as the dad of brain research. Be that as it may, his direction is seen to be excessively logical. His emphasis was on mapping the mechanics of sensation with scientific exactness. He recognized the parts of the mind and laid the reason for the guideline of structuralism. Hence, Wundt is viewed as the dad of brain research. It ought to be noticed that Wundt isn't the establishing father of brain research. This is on the grounds that he didn't find the order, and can, consequently, not be named as the establishing father. Wundt set up brain science as science discipline as today is known, and that is the reason he is viewed as the dad of the control. Obviously, his thoughts depended on before commitments by researchers; thus, he owes a lot of his title to other spearheading figures, for example, William James, and Sigmund Freud. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was conceived in Neckarau on August 16, 1832. He had Lutheran dad who bent over as his instructor and flat mate. He went to a life experience school at 13 years old before continuing to University where he examined medication. He turned into an instructor showed seminars on physiology in the University of Heidelberg. He set up a lab at Leipzig to explore human detects. The research center developed to incorporate numerous rooms. Wundt additionally started a diary he called Philosophische Studien, just as classes on physiological brain science. The diary, distributed in 1881, contained test results from his research facility. The mental research facility established by Wundt turned into a significant place for mental preparing. Wundt’s understudies later set up research centers in the significant colleges of Germany and the U.S. Every one of these progressions came about to the foundation of theory as a free science. Wundt Believed that the focal point of brain research ought to be the investigation of the quick, cognizant experience, suggesting that individuals detect and see after an appearance in their inward personalities. This view was str

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Catcher in the Rye Essay Holden, the fundamental character of the book Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, needed to confront numerous contentions during the story. These contentions interface with him either by optional character or without anyone else. Not exclusively do this contentions influence Holden, yet in the event that influences the individuals around him also. Holden’s mentality became negative on account of the considerable number of contentions he confronted. â€Å"The first thing you’ll most likely ask is the place I was conceived and how my lousy youth was like†. During his adolescence, he was separated from everyone else with no dear companions or family. This influenced him since he felt prohibited from the general public. It likewise caused him to feel like he didn’t have any help with the goal that caused him to go to the city without anyone else and fall into difficulty. He didn’t get any help from anybody so he wasn’t determined what wasn't right and what was correct, that was the reason he smoked and drank. Additionally since he didn’t have a family who bolstered him so he never paid attention to the school. He was kicked out of four schools due to his awful evaluations. (Proof found in Pg. 1) â€Å"I dozed in the carport the night he kicked the bucket, and I broke all the goddam windows with my clench hand, only for the damnation of it†. Partners demise influenced him intellectually. It made him extremely tragic right now however after a period it made him forceful and against social. (Proof found in Chapter 5) He reprimanded everybody. He considers everybody a fake. Thinks others are adherents and are just deceiving themselves. So he needs to defy the general public in light of the fact that they’re making everybody a fake. This mentality made him see everybody bad which made it hard for him to make companions. (Proof discovered everywhere throughout the book) He has a Self versus Self fight all through the entire book. He needs to be a similar individual yet he doesn’t acknowledge he’s evolving. He prefers the historical center since it never shows signs of change. One piece of him needs to be a grown-up (he beverages and smokes and consistently considers sex) while to other piece of him rejects it rejects it as a fake. So as should be obvious, every one of these contentions prompted his awful, negative disposition. He got forceful, rebel, and avoided. It additionally made him hazardous and difficult to comprehend. The contentions executed some mental issues on Holden by making him increment his enthusiasm for liquor and medications.

Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

Marie of France, Countess of Champagne Known for: French princess whose birth was a failure to guardians who needed a child to acquire the French seat Occupation: Countess of Champagne, official for her better half and afterward for her child Dates: 1145 - March 11, 1198 Disarray with Marie de France, Poet Now and again mistook for Marie de France, Mary of France, a medieval artist of England in the twelfth century whose Lais of Marie de France make due alongside an interpretation of Aesops Fables into the English of the time and maybe others works. About Marie of France, Countess of Champagne Marie was destined to Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France. That marriage was at that point insecure when Eleanor brought forth a subsequent little girl, Alix, in 1151, and the pair understood that they were not prone to have a child. Salic Law was deciphered to imply that a little girl or little girls spouse couldn't acquire the crown of France. Eleanor and Louis had their marriage dissolved in 1152, Eleanor left first for Aquitaine and afterward wedded the beneficiary to Englands crown, Henry Fitzempress. Alix and Marie were left in France with their dad and, later, stepmothers. Marriage In 1160, when Louis wedded his third spouse, Adã ¨le of Champagne, Louis promised his little girls Alix and Marie to siblings of his new wife. Marie and Henry, Count of Champagne, were hitched in 1164. Henry went to battle in the Holy Land, leaving Marie as his official. While Henry was away, Maries relative, Philip, succeeded their dad as lord, and held onto the dower terrains of his mom, Adã ¨le of Champagne, who was additionally Maries sister-iin-law. Marie and others joined Adã ¨le in contradicting Philips activity; when Henry came back from the Holy Land, Marie and Philip had settled their contention. Widowhood At the point when Henry kicked the bucket in 1181, Marie filled in as official for their child, Henry II, until 1187. At the point when Henry II went to the Holy Land to battle in a campaign, Marie again filled in as official. Henry passed on in 1197, and Maries more youthful child Theobold succeeded him. Marie entered a religious circle and passed on in 1198. Courts of Love Marie may have been a supporter of Andrã © le Chapelain (Andreas Capellanus), creator of one of the takes a shot at elegant love, as a cleric who served Marie was named Andreas (and Chapelain or Capellanus implies clergyman). In the book, he credits decisions to Marie and to her mom, Eleanor of Aquitaine, among others. A few sources acknowledge the case that the book, De Amore and referred to in English as The Art of Courtly Love, was composed in line with Marie. There is no strong recorded proof that Marie of France with or without her mom directed at courts of affection in France, however a few essayists have made that guarantee. Additionally known as: Marie Capet; Marie de France; Marie, Countess of Champagne Foundation, Family: Mother: Eleanor of AquitaineFather: Louis VII of France Stepmothers: Constance of Castile, at that point Adã ¨le of ChampagneFull kin: sister Alix, Countessâ of Blois; half kin (father Louis VII): Marguerite of France, Alys of France, Philip II of France, Agnes of France. She likewise had half-kin from her moms second marriage, yet theres very little proof she interfaced with them. Marriage, Children: spouse: Henry I, Count of Champagne (wedded 1164)children:Scholastique of Champagne, wedded to William V of MaconHenry II of Champagne, 1166-1197Marie of Champagne, wedded to Baldwin I of ConstantinopleTheobald III of Champagne, 1179-1201

Friday, August 21, 2020

Stages of Unbelief. What is Skepticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Phases of Unbelief. What is Skepticism - Essay Example What is Skepticism? Incredulity, in philosophical terms, is the perspective, which handles the philosophical proposal with normal idea and far fetched analysis. As indicated by Gary Gutting in Religious Belief and Religious Skepticism (87), this activity prompts thinking and thought, which depends on rationale and pointed towards question and analysis. Under a limited view, strict suspicion is considered as that perspective which puts each sorted out conviction or practice, ordinarily comprehended as religion, into question. This is done through a sound contention on the exemplary nature, worth and morals of that specific sorted out religion. In addition, various savants, for instance, similar to Kant, have spoken exceptionally about suspicion in their works. Kant has drawn quite a bit of his examination from crafted by David Hume, who is viewed as the most impressive doubter throughout the entire existence of Western way of thinking. Quite a bit of Hume’s chip away at incredu lity is drawn from the possibility that he supported experimental science and considered establishing the â€Å"science of man† as a substantial venture (Thompson n.p.). One, in this way, ought to comprehend that while thinking about incredulity, science would come into banter at various occasions. Since power is extensively viewed as related with otherworldly, a lot of Kant’s doubt draws on crafted by magical part of theory. As per Kant, there are three sorts of incredulity. These comprehensively incorporate â€Å"veil of perception†, which looks for authenticity by drawing induction of the outside brain world to one’s own psychological portrayals. Consequently, this worries transcendentalism. Humean incredulity clarifies upon the ideas that are not comprehended by reasonable impressions and information on specific thoughts which are not demonstrated by consistent law nor known as a matter of fact. Consequently, again this worries quite a bit of mysticis m, in light of the fact that the ideas that are not comprehended from the psyche are talked about. Pyrrhonian distrust builds up a harmony between restricting contentions, henceforth having comprehension of both the thoughts of information, for instance, from the ones who have faith in religion, and the ones who don't have confidence in religion (Forster 1). Be that as it may, Kant and his methodology were against suspicion and his Copernican Revolution attempted to battle against doubt. Kant spread that religion was generally training, not hypothesis, and not founded on realities, and was something private and abstract. Religion rose to morals, set forth plainly (Catholic Education n.p.). Christopher Scheitle in â€Å"Religious and Spiritual Change† (59) engenders that suspicion all in all can be comprehended in the light of the knowledge into the manner in which strict individuals accept aimlessly in various existing religions on the planet. As contended, strict individuals never condemn their convictions, since they have this thought it is an extraordinary sin, a logical inconsistency to their religion and that dominatingly, it is a heresy (Gutting, pp. 93). This advances the spread of strict authoritative opinion which leaves no space to question over a specific perspective or contend over a specific thing. Henceforth, adherents of religion endeavor to aimlessly follow religion and receive the thoughts of a specific religion as a preeminent truth of which no infringement should be possible. In any case, they ignore the verity that their convictions can be incomprehensible, befuddling, tragic, unnatural and even antiscientific. This typically happens on the grounds that these individuals speak with their powerful being in the most nonsensical manners which makes their strict convictions and, thus, religion exceptionally flawed, even to themselves and the general public (Zagzebski 212). This strict doctrine likewise offers ascend to the intensity of g iving up their lives for the

Life at SIPA The Student View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Life at SIPA The Student View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog When I speak with alumni and ask them about their fondest memories of SIPA there is one unanimous first response fellow students.   Hands down the response is something like the following: My fellow students were the best part of my SIPA experience.   I met so many people from all over the world and was able to debate issues, socialize, and learn alongside an incredibly diverse group of people.   And now whenever I go somewhere in the world, I can count on a couch to crash on. This is not an exact quote, but basically summarizes most of the conversations I have had.   If you want to get a glimpse into life at SIPA there is no better way than to get an insider perspective.   Last year a group of students conducted a survey of student life at SIPA and posted an entry to the SIPA student blog, The Morningside Post.   Even though the article was written last year, I think it is great fodder for both incoming and prospective students.   Below is the intro to the blog entry written by Stig Pettersen, followed by the link to the full post. One year ago, my feelings about getting on the plane from Norway to New York were very different from today. While today, I am returning to a reasonably familiar life at SIPA, heading off to live in the Big Apple and attend an Ivy League graduate school for the first time in my life was a very different experience. To be quite honest, I had no idea what to expect when it came to what my life would look like for the next two years. How much of a workoholic would I need to be? Would I ever have time to socialize and explore the many bars and bustling nightlife of the metropolis? Would I manage to find scholarships to fund the sky high tuition fees, or would my graduation debt ricochet past any previously expected amount? Would I get the precious sleep needed to function normally? Would I make friends, or would I spend a lot of time alone? Would I find time to communicate with the loved ones I was about to part from? And what kind of people would I share my days at SIPA with? To continue, click here.

Life at SIPA The Student View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Life at SIPA The Student View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog When I speak with alumni and ask them about their fondest memories of SIPA there is one unanimous first response fellow students.   Hands down the response is something like the following: My fellow students were the best part of my SIPA experience.   I met so many people from all over the world and was able to debate issues, socialize, and learn alongside an incredibly diverse group of people.   And now whenever I go somewhere in the world, I can count on a couch to crash on. This is not an exact quote, but basically summarizes most of the conversations I have had.   If you want to get a glimpse into life at SIPA there is no better way than to get an insider perspective.   Last year a group of students conducted a survey of student life at SIPA and posted an entry to the SIPA student blog, The Morningside Post.   Even though the article was written last year, I think it is great fodder for both incoming and prospective students.   Below is the intro to the blog entry written by Stig Pettersen, followed by the link to the full post. One year ago, my feelings about getting on the plane from Norway to New York were very different from today. While today, I am returning to a reasonably familiar life at SIPA, heading off to live in the Big Apple and attend an Ivy League graduate school for the first time in my life was a very different experience. To be quite honest, I had no idea what to expect when it came to what my life would look like for the next two years. How much of a workoholic would I need to be? Would I ever have time to socialize and explore the many bars and bustling nightlife of the metropolis? Would I manage to find scholarships to fund the sky high tuition fees, or would my graduation debt ricochet past any previously expected amount? Would I get the precious sleep needed to function normally? Would I make friends, or would I spend a lot of time alone? Would I find time to communicate with the loved ones I was about to part from? And what kind of people would I share my days at SIPA with? To continue, click here.

Thursday, June 25, 2020

5 Tips for Writing Concrete Application Essays

Chris Adcom: Smart, hardworking, and short on time. I like to apply the principles established in Chip Heath and Dan Heath’s Made to Stick to personal statements and application essays. In this post I focus on concreteness. The third of Made to Sticks six key principles, concreteness, doesn’t seem to apply to intangibles like leadership, achievement, teamwork, or character – the topics you typically need to cover in your essays. Yet, even when discussing abstractions, if your essays are concrete they will communicate more effectively and more memorably. Here are five tips to make your personal statements and application essays concrete: 1. Use sensory language when appropriate. Write in terms of sights, sounds, smells, touch, and taste. 2. Break down large ideas into smaller sub-topics and concepts. (For more on this idea, please see â€Å"Fatal Flaw #4: Superficiality.† ) The grand summary or platitude won’t cut it. 3. Quantify when possible. Did you increase membership a lot when president or did you increase membership by 50%? Did you lead a team or did you lead a 10-person team? 4. Without using clichà ©s, relate events, entities, and concepts to ideas that the reader already knows and trusts. For example if I say that â€Å"Accepted is the McKinsey of admissions consulting firms,† clients will expect top-notch work and a strategic approach to admissions. 5. Think about the human beings you are addressing in your essays. You have read interviews of and met with admissions committee members. Perhaps create a character that represents Chris Adcom for you. For me, Chris is usually smart, professional, and hard-working. Typically a â€Å"people-person† with a genuine interest in others, she also has a well–practiced nose for baloney and doesn’t like the odor. She is always short on time and consequently ends up skimming essays if they are boring or don’t answer the question, even though she doesn’t like to do so. She is dedicated to helping her school create a diverse, talented class of students who will be happy to attend her school, contribute to campus life as students, and add to the school’s reputation as alumni. That’s her job. Write your essays for Chris. Use these five keys to concreteness when crafting your essays to make them more compelling. By Linda Abraham, president and founder of Accepted.com and co-author of the new, definitive book on MBA admissions, MBA Admission for Smarties: The No-Nonsense Guide to Acceptance at Top Business Schools.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Modern Theory Modern Attachment Theory Essay - 2241 Words

Modern Attachment Theory Modern attachment theory, which has now shifted to a regulation theory, takes Bowlby’s original work on attachment and looks at how early experiences, such as prenatal stress, optimal/suboptimal stress, and the mother’s ability to regulate the child’s needs, help the child form an internalized working model for attachment style due to the brain being an â€Å"experience-dependent organ† (Cozolino, 2010c; J. Schore A. Schore, 2012). According to modern attachment theory, a â€Å"good enough† mother needs to be psychobiologically attuned with her infant in order to co-regulate the shifts in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Automatic Nervous System (ANS) that the infant will experience (J. Schore A. Schore, 2012). The mother’s ability to co-regulate the infant through the mother-infant affect synchrony, meaning the process of attunement, misattunement, and re-attunement will ultimately determine the child’s attachment style and if t he child will be resilient as well as if the child will be able to self-regulate (J. Schore A. Schore, 2012). A mother does not need to be perfectly attuned with her infant’s needs because moments of misattument that consist of mild to moderate stress followed be re-attunement are necessary in order to help foster the child’s resiliency (Mulligan, 2014a). However, during a moment of misattunement, the mother needs to re-attune with the infant in an appropriate amount of time in order to ensure that the child becomesShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) Emotional development is the development of a child’s expression, understandin g, and how they regulate their emotions from birth through late adolescence. Piaget is one of the first people to look at developmental theory and throughRead MoreTheoretical Orientation Graphic And Position Paper1008 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Shanell Bathersfield conducted a self-assessment. She initially determined that the systems theory was one that she was not comfortable with. Through the last few course weeks, she was able to gain an in-depth perspective on several theories that are impactful in the social work field. The coursework and utilizing Juana and Adelina as case studies, truly gave an exclusive insight on how theories are used to understand the client’s circumstances and improve their well-being. While practicingRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Bowlbys original theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953)Read MoreJohn Bowlbys Path to Developing the Attachment Theory Essay593 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different theories on this subject, but a well-known theory is the Attachment Theory written by John Bowlby in the mid-twentieth century. John Bowlby born on February 26, 1907, was a twentieth century psychologist who contributed too many modern day psychoanalytic theories. 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It has become more influential in recent years and is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history (Hinde, 1989). The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were founded by two European zoologists, Lorenz and Tinbergen (Dewsbury, 1992). Watching the behaviors of animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz and Tinbergen observed behavioral patterns that promote survival. The most wellRead MoreThe Core Tenets Of Social Defense Theory Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Despite its roots in evolutionary theory, attachment theory has long split itself into two factions: adaptive and maladaptive. For years, insecure attachment has been implicated as one of the root causes for a number of psychological concerns (Dozier, Stovall-McClough, Albus, 2008). The development of social defense theory, however, provides an entirely new interpretation of attachment – that all attachment dispositions (secure, anxious, and avoidant) have access to different cognitiveRead MoreEssay about How Attachment Develops698 Words   |  3 PagesHow Attachment Develops According to Mary Ainsworth (1989) an attachment is an affectional bond which is a relatively long enduring tie in which the partner is important as a unique individual (and where there) is a desire to maintain closeness to the partner Ainsworth argued that attachment isnt an inherited behaviour (nature), but took the view that attachment is a learned process (nurture). She agreed to the view put forward by the behaviourists to explainRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloping the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologist is used to describe any individual who is employed in the criminal justice field regardless of formal training. (Schmalleger) These individuals study crime, criminals, and criminal behavior. Those responsible for collecting and examining physical evidence of crime are referred to as criminalists. Criminologists perform a variety of activities such as data gathering, data analysis, theory constructionRead MoreThe Issue Of Criminal Activities1554 Words   |  7 Pagesto commit the offense; however, there are also many different developing theories and suggestions about why crimes actually occur at all. For example; do some individuals have a predisposition, born of either their nature or nurture, which leads them to commit crimes? Can the likelihood of committing a crime be decided within the first four years of life? And therefore, whether or not are offenders always to blame? Attachment can be defined psychologically as the emotional bond between a child and

Monday, May 18, 2020

Islands in the Stream (c1951) by Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway’s Islands in the Stream (c1951, 1970) was published posthumously and was expurgated by Hemingway’s wife.  A note in the preface states that she removed certain portions of the book which she felt certain that Hemingway would have eliminated himself (which begs the question: Why did he include them in the first place?).  That aside, the story is interesting and is much like his later works, such as (1946-61, 1986).   Originally envisioned as a trilogy of three separate novels, the work was published as a single book separated into three parts, including â€Å"Bimini,† â€Å"Cuba,† and â€Å"At Sea.†Ã‚   Each segment explores a different time period in the main character’s life and also explores different aspects of his life and emotions.  There is one connecting thread throughout the three segments, which is family.   In the first section, â€Å"Bimini,† the main character is visited by his sons and lives with a close male friend.  Their relationship is incredibly interesting, especially considering the homosocial nature of it in contrast to the homophobic comments made by some of the characters. The idea of â€Å"manly love† is certainly a main focus in part one, but this gives way in the second two segments, which are more concerned with themes of grief/recovery and war. Thomas Hudson, the main character, and his good friend, Roger, are the best developed characters in the book, particularly in part one.  Hudson continues to develop throughout and his character is interesting to witness as he struggles to grieve the loss of his loved ones.  Hudson’s sons, too, are delightful. In part two, â€Å"Cuba,† Hudson’s true love becomes a part of the story and she, too, is interesting and very similar to the woman in Garden of Eden. There is much evidence to suggest that these two posthumous works might be his most autobiographical. The minor characters, such as the bartenders, Hudson’s houseboys, and his comrades-in-arms in part three are all well-crafted and believable.   One difference between Islands in the Stream and Hemingway’s other works is in its prose. It is still raw, but not quite so sparse as usual.  His descriptions are more flushed out, even somewhat tortured at times.  There is a moment in the book where Hudson is fishing with his sons, and it is described in such detail (similar to the style in Old Man and the Sea (1952), which was originally conceived as part of this trilogy) and with such deep emotion that a relatively lackadaisical sport like fishing becomes thrilling. There is a kind of magic Hemingway works with his words, his language, and his style. Hemingway is known for his â€Å"masculine† prose – his ability to tell a story without much emotion, without much sap, without any â€Å"flowery nonsense.† This leaves him, throughout most of his chronology, rather walled-off from his works.  In Islands in the Stream, however, as with Garden of Eden, we see Hemingway exposed. There is a sensitive, deeply troubled side to this man and the fact that these books were published only posthumously speaks volumes to his relationship with them.   Islands in the Stream is a delicate exploration of love, loss, family and friendship.   It is a deeply moving tale of a man, an artist, fighting to wake up and live every day, despite his haunting sadness.   Notable Quotes: Out of all the things you could not have there were some that you could have and one of those was to know when you were happy and to enjoy all of it while it was there and it was good (99).   He thought that on the ship he could come to some terms with his sorrow, not knowing, yet, that there are no terms to be made with sorrow.   It can be cured by death and it can be blunted or anesthetized by various things. Time is supposed to cure it, too. But if it is cured by anything less than death, the chances are that it was not true sorrow (195). Theres some wonderful crazies out there. Youll like them (269).

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Burnings of Protestants and the Failure of Marys...

Burnings of Protestants and the Failure of Marys Religious Policy After Mary had taken the throne from Lady Jane Grey in 1553, she had, in her view, the task of returning the church to the state it had been in at the start of 1534. By the end of the year of her accession, Mary had re-implemented the heresy laws and by her death in November 1558, a minimum of 287 Protestants had died in the flames at Smithfield and elsewhere across the country. At the end of Marys reign Protestantism was far from being suppressed, and upon the accession of Elizabeth, England once again swung to Protestantism. England would never be officially Catholic again. Although it can be argued that Catholicism was not a†¦show more content†¦Mary had considered that policy would not be too difficult to pursue, as the country had been officially Catholic only 10 years previous. It has been argued as to what the causes of the failure of her religious policy actually were, and it is undisputed that there are a number of possible causes. Historians from John Foxe (writing in 1563) to Robert Tittler (1991) have disputed the effect that the burnings had on the populace. The initial argument was that the burnings had such a profound effect on the people of England that they took up the new religion in favour of Catholicism. This argument hangs on the idea that people saw the victims of the burnings being prepared to die for their faith, and were converted as a result. Tittler talks of widespread popular witness and sympathetic reaction to the burnings that took place under Mary[2], and David Loades concurs when he describes the burnings of Rogers and Hooper: At the same time the heroism of the early victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦made a deep impression upon many who were notShow MoreRelatedTO WHAT EXTENT WAS THERE A â€Å"MID TUDOR CRISIS† DURING THE REIGNS OF EDWARD VI AND MARY I?2006 Words   |  9 Pagesthe west and in Norfolk (which had been partly caused by his own policies). As Dale Hoak points out his colleague s decided to get rid of him at this point not because he supported the poor but because he was incompetent. When Northumberland came into power, even though his reforms were far more extreme, with no possibility of alternative interpretation, he did not at that time cause crisis by putting the country in a firmly Protestant position. By being more decisive than Somerset, he was aimingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescolonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Effects Of Water Pollution On Earth - 1845 Words

One of the most important resources is water as it is necessary to life on earth, so we are signing our own death warrant by polluting it. Water pollution is caused by the contamination of water through several means like industrial waste water, chemicals, detergents, and acid rain to name a few. This contamination affects the ever so delicate ecosystems worldwide, including the human ones. To be fair we have improved on this aspect since legislation in the recent years has improved water quality through water treatment plants and purification methods; nevertheless water affected by pesticides or herbicides still needs major improvement (4). This problem is not a new one and it can be seen as far back as 1974, in the Water Pollution†¦show more content†¦Solid Waste Solid garbage has become one tricky issue to solve in the recent years and engineers have not come with a solution just yet. The clock is ticking because unlike air and water pollution, this â€Å"resource† is not diminishing; in fact it is becoming more abundant with The US, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, France, and Norway being the leading benefactors (4). The short term solution to deal with the over abundance of garbage has been landfills, although this might not be an option in the near future as land used for landfills is becoming more scarce and they tend to create methane gas (4). Another solution is â€Å"waste to energy† plants, where garbage is incinerated, which on one hand provides a source of energy, but on the other causes air pollution(4) . This and the cost of the plant have caused people to rethink this â€Å"waste to energy† plants. Recycling is a more appealing solution and has grown in popularity in the recent years as the local government advocate it. The British government and other European countries are working on becoming greener by designing more eco friendly cars and of course advocating recycling (4). This does not mean that recycling has no drawbacks, as reusing materials usually requires more energy than when they are first produced. Another challenge that engineers face is the ever so resilie nt tire and how to properly

The Developing Adolescent Essay - 1402 Words

Developmental theories are a group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate the thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. In this way, developmental theories provide a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development (Berger, 2008 p33). Adolescence represents one of the most critical developmental periods in life. It is a time of profound changes on all levels. The importance of both family and peers during these years is also discussed. The relationship between adolescent and his or her family are very important in the adolescents ability to develop through these years. One of the earliest theorists to shed light on adolescent development was Erik Erikson. He†¦show more content†¦The social part of the adolescent identity development has to do with ones history and how well integrated the individuals role was in his personal group as well as the coherence of the images and ideologies that guided him to this point in his life. There is a dark side of identity development which Erikson believes is comprised of all the fragments of roles tested and discarded in the search for the identity one will use to move into adulthood. When the identity is placed in peril, in other words, when the negative fragments from the past begin to surface, the individual might think these negative fragments cannot be contained within the positive identity. If this occurs, the wholeness of the person becomes at risk. At the very least, the adolescent feels disjointed (Erikson, 1975). This is probably why Erikson’s identified this stage as Identity vs Role Confusion. A great deal of research has been conducted regarding adolescent development during the last decade or so. The three most prevalent themes in adolescent development research in recent years are: 1.) broad integrative models of adolescent development that include biological, social, psychological and contextual factors; 2.) the identification of developmental pathways or trajectories during adolescence that are linked to prior growth duringShow MoreRelatedDeveloping An Alternative Punishment For Adolescents1345 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping an alternative punishment for adolescents can be considered as a positive opportunity for the treating adolescent, society, community and the criminal justice field. Ethics helps management differentiate what is considered right or wrong within the management and the process implemented for the treating adolescents. There are many branches considered within the study of ethics. Metaethics can be considered as the language, methods, logic structure, or reasoning when interpretation ethicRead MoreAdverse Health Effects o f Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy is a very important health issue worldwide. When adolescents who, are often physically and mentally unprepared to bear a child are become mothers it has astoundingly negative outcomes for the mother. Including bad personal outcomes adolescent mothers often give birth to children with increased health issues when compared to a healthy adult mothers. Because of the negative outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy, the issue should be addressed worldwide. Adolescent mothersRead MoreThe Development Of An Individual And The Aspects Within Psychology1566 Words   |  7 Pagesdissatisfaction to oneself and others in many situations. In regard to developing, as an individual grow up, they believe they are able to handle things on their own and perform adult task. As a parent, it becomes difficult to communicate with an adolescent that lies and cover up their emotional feelings. The known psychological theor etical perspective in the article is the decisions regarding the behavior of an adolescents actions. The adolescences disclosure and secrecy behaviors increase, whileRead MoreThe Problem Of The Female Youth Population1519 Words   |  7 Pagescould be tomorrow’s key to a healthy, flourishing society. The well-being of the female youth population is a primary contribution to the welfare of a successful social and economic result in varying communities. 600 million of these adolescent girls live in developing countries; most of them have to face the harsh reality of a collapse in their healthcare, education, and many other contributing factors. The problems these girls face are what lead to worldwide conflicts scattered throughout multipleRead MoreThe Correlation Between Abused Adolescence And Addiction1152 Words   |  5 Pagesregards to his or her neurodevelopment. Adolescents believe that they are mature individuals with the ability to make intelligent decisions without an y direction or guidance from anyone else. This is very alarming considering that the adolescent is very impulsive in his or her decision making abilities, instead of reasoning through the negatives and positives regarding his or her final decision regarding an issue or situation he or she is presented with. Adolescents are not always aware or concerned withRead MoreComorbidity Disorder In Children Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesDeficity Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, due to both disorders sharing executive functions insufficiency. According to Riley, Ahmed, and Locke (2016), one of the two most common comorbidity disorders in children and adolescences with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is ADHD, which transpires in fourteen percent to forty percent of children that has ODD, particularly in the ODD children that have more predominant symptoms of defiant and headstrongness. APA (2013) DiagnosticRead MoreThe Dangers Of Adolescent Pregnancy1453 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy occurs between the ages of 15-19 (as defined by the World Health Organisation) (Adolescent Pregnancy., 2014) and most commonly occurs in developing countries (Such as sub-Saharan Africa [Teen pregnancy statistics, 2016]). As many of the pregnancies happening are to young girls from under-developed countries, they are often unable to afford the necessary healthcare that most developed countries could provide expectant mothers. Due to the fact that under-developed countries haveRead MoreHealth Care Challenges when Working with Adolescents Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pageswith the adolescent population we have many health care challenges. Adolescents experiences profound physical changes which occur rapidly. These include increased rate of bone and muscle growth, sex specific changes and development of the sexual reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. â€Å"†Changes are created by hormonal changes within the body when the hypothalamus begins to produce gnoadotropin-releasing hormones† (Potter Perry, 2005, p. 205). This is a time when adolescents becomeRead MoreDrug Abuse And Adolescent Risky Behavior884 Words   |  4 Pagesaddictions begin with risk taking. So, why is it that adolescents have such an attraction to risky behaviors? According to Broderick (2013), adolescents have a high propensity for sensation seeking (novel experiences) and seem to be willing to put themselves at risk in order to have these novel experiences (p. 392). This essay will attempt to discuss how the brain is developing, being impacted, and, how spiritual development effects adolescent risky behavior. Risky behaviors can include any behaviorRead MoreEffects Of Adolescents On Young Middle Adolescents Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesprogramer, treating adolescents and addiction we have to know that this population moves through three varying time periods: early (12-14 years of age), middle (14-17 years of age), and late(17-19 years of age) (NRPA.ORG) The programmer must understand that each developmental stage has different demands. For example, younger adolescents focus on the present, whereas, older adolescents focus on developing their future(). Moreover, a study analyzed how young to middle adolescents spend their free time

Strategic Sourcing Evaluation Methodology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Sourcing Evaluation Methodology. Answer: Introduction: Sapphire Energy is a popular brand of Laburnum Group. However, Laburnum Group is a well-known organization of Australia, which has both energy and clothing business. This organization has got the position among the largest organizations in Australia. The major objective of Laburnum Group is to provide a satisfactory return to their customers. Supply chain management issue becomes a big issue among the energy manufacturing industries at present time (Christopher, 2016). In the recent years, this business group has been facing supply chain management issues regarding their clothing and energy area. Thus, it is necessary for this organization to identify the areas of problem where necessary improvement can be implemented. Sapphire Energy provides reliable electric service to their consumers across Bendigo, Sunbury, Wodogona, Geelong, Melton, Miduara and many other places. The major material used in this service is 1/0 AWG aluminum triplex cable. This cable is responsible to distribute t he energy from distribution pole to the meter loop. Electricity distribution is the major business activity of this organization. However, Eastern Power storeroom is the main stakeholder of Sapphire Energy and has made a contract with them. In the given scenario, it has been observed that Sapphire Energy focuses on high-quality service to satisfy their stakeholders. In the recent years, Eastern Power needs 155,000 meters of this cable service from Sapphire Energy. This cable is required to carry out the routine service work. Hence, an agreement is made between Eastern Power and Sapphire Energy. According to this order agreement, Eastern Power should use one-twelfth of its total annual demand. As per this new ordering system, the cable service needs to install within five normal working days. The main aim of this ordering system is to reduce the lead time besides ensuring their customers to get a regular spot in the production schedule of the concerned suppliers. The carrying cost of the materials of current ordering system is $1.35 pe r meter, which is quite high. Current ordering system of Sapphire focuses on the reduction of lead time, however; this aim is fulfilled otherwise the lead time could be 12 weeks instead of 5 days. As argued by Mamani Moinzadeh, (2014), lead time reduction is necessary for the suppliers to enhance their supply chain management otherwise they may face an issue. Sapphire Energy needs at least 4500 meters for a single order and the capacity of Eastern Power Storeroom is 90,000 meters. This will be effective for this ordering system as Sapphire Energy will get more order from this shareholder. Based on the EOQ or Economic Order Quantity the total cost of this current ordering system can be defined. Economic Order Quantity system refers to the number of units that an organization adds to its inventory in order to minimize the total cost of inventory management (Chen et al., 2014). Inventory cost includes shortage cost, holding cost and order cost. Application of EOQ is useful to review the inventory system. In the context of Eastern Power, they require 155,000 meters of service cable and the carrying cost is $1.35 per unit. As per the EOQ calculation. From the above calculation, it has been received that value of EOQ is low and the carrying cost is high. Due to low carrying cost, the demand becomes decreased. Hence, it can be said that the carrying cost is high, which may affect the business of Sapphire. From the given scenario and the above calculation, it has been identified that due to high carrying cost it will be difficult for Eastern Power to take cable service from Sapphire Energy. On the other hand, based on the contract system Eastern Power has to take at least one-twelfth of its annual need from Sapphire Energy. Hence, due to the high carrying cost Eastern Power faced difficulties to take service form its supplier. High carrying cost often hampers the demand of customers (Stadtler, 2015). As per this scenario, it has been received that the current ordering system based on the contract between Sapphire Energy and Eastern Power is effective to minimize the lead time. On the other hand, this ordering process is not cost eff ective as it enhances the carrying cost, which is the main issue of supply chain management in the context of Sapphire Energy. For the effective management of a supply chain, lead time should be reduced (Nguyen Wright, 2015). Hence, Sapphire Energy is able to reduce the time between the initiation and the completion of their cable service project. This is a major benefit of their current ordering process. Despite this effectiveness, Sapphire Energy did not offer any quantity discount, which is a major drawback of their supply chain management. Based on the above analysis it has been found that high carrying cost, low demand and lack of discount are the major drawbacks of the supply chain process of Sapphire Energy. Ways to improve the Current System of Sapphire Energy From the above analysis, it has been received that current ordering system of Sapphire Energy is good to decrease the lead time however, the carrying cost is high. Eastern Power has a high demand for cable service from Sapphire Energy. Due to the high carrying cost may affect this demand. High cost of suppliers often decreases the customer numbers (Tyagi et al., 2015). In the context of Sapphire Energy, they need to reduce their carrying cost per unit to enhance the demand of customers. However, it will be helpful for Sapphire Energy to provide service with low carrying cost and reduced lead time. This process will be effective to enhance the demand for Sapphire Energy. Customers always prefer high-quality service with low cost (Cooper, 2017). Sapphire Energy needs to change their pricing strategy for carrying the cost. By using low carrying cost this organization will be able to increase the demand. On the other hand, offering quantity discount will be an effective strategy for Sapp hire Energy to enhance the demand. Discount pricing and high-quality service with reduced lead time will be beneficial to improve the current ordering system in the context of Sapphire. Therefore, this process will help this organization to cover a large number of stakeholders across Australia. Auscotton is a global manufacturer of clothing products and it offers both winter and summer sports apparel. In the recent years, Auscotton has started contract manufacturing with Taiwan, India, China, and Vietnam. At present Auscotton has been facing issues due to a high level of competition in a global market. Many competitors provide similar products such as winter and summer products to customers, which affects the unique business feature of Auscotton. Some new competitors offer similar products as like as Auscotton with an attractive profit margin. Therefore, Auscotton has an inaccuracy in demand forecast. This hampers their business as well as strategic sourcing in the global market. Poor competitive strategy and forecasting affect the growth of an organization in the global market (Kim Chai, 2017). Due to these major issues, Auscotton faced a high cost of transportation, inconsistency and unexpected variation in their supply chain management. From the given scenario, it has b een found that the strategic sourcing of Auscotton or contract manufacturing process with foreign countries was not effective as a result they have faced a huge competition in the global market. Threat of substitutes occurs in the context of Auscotton, which hampered their business. According to the given scenario, it has been found that the demand forecast is not strong in the context of Auscotton. However, inaccuracy of demand forecast in Auscotton leads them to face threat of alternative product, high cost of transportation and reduced lead times. Less-than product demand forecast leaves a negative effect on Auscotton business. Proper forecasting is required for a business to understand the current market position based on which an organization is able to measure their future profit margin (Kotabe Murray, 2018). In the context of Auscotton their demand forecast was failed to measure the current demand of global market as well as the entire operating cost. As a result, they failed to identify the severity of the competitors in the global clothing industry. Hence, many competitors enter in market easily and hamper the unique product feature of Auscotton by offering a similar product. On the other hand, due to poor forecast Auscotton failed to select the lead t ime as selection of lead time is based on the type and materials of the product. Proper forecasting helps an organization understand the urgency of the shipment based on the demand. Hence, inappropriate demand forecast Auscotton failed to measure the urgency of shipment and failed to deliver the product within promised date. As a result, they need to pay more to transport the product during the emergency. Less-than-perfect demand forecast also brings unnecessary variations in the existing supply chain management. In order to reduce the poor forecast Auscotton needs to carry out a proper demand forecast within the scheduled time. Therefore, they need to carry out a proper market analysis to understand the strength of the competitors. On the other hand, to reduce the high transportation cost this organization needs to complete the shipment within the promised time (Kim Chai, 2017). Therefore, this organization should employ supply-demand forecasting model as it will help them to reduce delay in supply chain operation. Application of granular model will help this organization to identify the purchasing behavior of customers and optimum pricing in global market. Vital Elements of strategic sourcing methodology to bring improvement in the supply chain of Auscotton Supply and market analysis, negotiation, development of product and pricing strategy and identification of proper sourcing process will be the effective elements of sourcing methodology for Auscotton to improve their clothing business. Market analysis and pricing are the major components to bring improvement in a supply chain process (Presley, Meade Sarkis, 2016). However, Auscotton needs to select loyal partners for their sourcing process. Therefore, they can make a contract with their partners, which will help them to reduce legal obligation. Low pricing strategy and discount pricing will be beneficial for this organization to gain competitive advantages. Therefore, negotiation should be implemented to enhance the demand in this organization. Some of the contract manufacturers of Auscotton are involved in illegal merchandise and they sell their product through gray market channels. These contract manufacturers produce similar products, which competes with the branded merchandise of Auscotton. In order to deal with this situation, Auscotton needs to follow the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2015 (Legislation.gov.au 2018). By following this Act Auscotton will be able to protect their intellectual property from the competitors. Therefore, by following Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Auscotton will be able to take necessary action against the suppliers those are misleading the consumers by using the brand name of Auscotton. References Chen, S. C., Crdenas-Barrn, L. E., Teng, J. T. (2014). Retailers economic order quantity when the supplier offers conditionally permissible delay in payments link to order quantity. International Journal of Production Economics, 155, 284-291. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Cooper, R. (2017). Supply chain development for the lean enterprise: interorganizational cost management. Routledge. Kim, M., Chai, S. (2017). The impact of supplier innovativeness, information sharing and strategic sourcing on improving supply chain agility: Global supply chain perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 187, 42-52. Kotabe, M., Murray, J. Y. (2018). Global Sourcing Strategy: An Evolution in Global Production and Sourcing Rationalization. In Advances in Global Marketing (pp. 365-384). Springer, Cham. Legislation.gov.au. (2018).Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2015A00008 Mamani, H., Moinzadeh, K. (2014). Lead time management through expediting in a continuous review inventory system. Production and Operations Management, 23(1), 95-109. Nguyen, T. H., Wright, M. (2015). Capacity and lead-time management when demand for service is seasonal and lead-time sensitive. European Journal of Operational Research, 247(2), 588-595. Presley, A., Meade, L., Sarkis, J. (2016, July). A strategic sourcing evaluation methodology for reshoring decisions. In Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal (Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 156-169). Taylor Francis. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Tyagi, S., Choudhary, A., Cai, X., Yang, K. (2015). Value stream mapping to reduce the lead-time of a product development process. International Journal of Production Economics, 160, 202-212.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Review and history of Shakespeares play As You Like It Essay Example For Students

Review and history of Shakespeares play As You Like It Essay In the aforementioned play Oliver is dressed in rich bright colours (thus creating a sense of prosperity which is predominant at court) and initially appears controlled yet forceful, reflecting the manner in which one is expected to behave at court. Oliver also appears rather rotund and physically unfit, which may contribute towards his poor fighting skills, as referred to by Orlando in line 43 of act one, scene one- You are too young in this. Also, Oliver originally strikes Orlando thus betraying his aggressive nature, which is also typical of the court. However, it may be difficult to draw parallels between the court and Oliver in terms of the orchard where the first scene is set. The orchard is in no way unnatural and the sounds of birdsong can be heard in the background as Oliver and Orlando converse, which is in no way typical of the image of the court as cruel and unnatural. Even so Shakespeares stage directions do state that this scene is set in the orchard and consequently this interpretation cannot be viewed as being untrue to the text. However, the court scene is set during cold weather in a snow storm, which reflects Olivers and the courts cruel nature. In contrast to Oliver, Orlando wears darker, shabbier clothing, thus reflecting the shabbier, simpler state of the forest, which is true to the text. Also, Orlandos emotional and subservient state is reflected as he chops wood and weeps in the orchard of the court. This action is also true to the text as it reflects the unjust manner in which Oliver treats his sibling- this servitude. It can also be said that, like Orlandos emotions, the forest is natural and held in lower esteem than the court. This interpretation also begins with the same speech as in the text (As I remember, Adam. ) and does not cut any of the dialogue out, thus showing to a greater extent how Orlando can be seen to be similar to the forest. Of course, it can also be said that the contrast between the court and the forest can be represented by the two pairs of brothers in other key points of the play. In act two, scene one Senior can be seen to represent the forest as the forest is described as being, More free from peril than the envious court and allows people to live freely without social restraints, as Senior does and as he lives himself. If Amiens song about the forest is to be believed (No enemy but winter and rough weather, act two, scene five), then Senior again represents the forest as he and his followers have no enemy within the forest bar the weather. In addition, Senior experiences natural problems in the forest, such as intemperate weather conditions, as the forest is not perfect (much like himself) but its flaws are entirely natural. In the Christine Edzard interpretation of the play this particular scene is depicted as being windy (which is true to the text- The churlish chiding of the winters wind) but Arden is located in an urban wasteland. Therefore, the lessons that the forest teaches one, Brooks in the running brooks, cannot be properly depicted as there are no rivers. However, in the BBC adaptation the camera focuses on a stream whilst this line is being spoken and in doing so effectively emphasises the natural state of the forest. Also, in the RSC , Christine Edzard and BBC adaptations of the text, Senior wears simple clothing to reflect his exiled state and the simplicity of Arden. .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .postImageUrl , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:visited , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:active { border:0!important; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:active , .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2 .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f099e3466fe07d955618181fd2c49b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Part One - Shakespeare"s Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology EssayIn the BBC adaptation, the forest also appears to be tranquil and natural, as is Senior. In short, Senior represents nature, whilst his younger sibling Frederick represents fortune. Fredericks evil nature is also shown by his intent to put his brother to the sword. Fredericks evil nature is also depicted in the BBC interpretation of the text in the wrestling match- the wrestling is drawn out, focuses on Orlando and Charles and the audiences shocked reaction to events, showing the barbarity of the court. However, in the Edzard interpretation of the text the actual wrestling match is not shown, merely the audiences reaction which does not fully capture the brutality of the court (and indeed Senior). Even so, the text only states They wrestle which is open to interpretation. However, it is apparent that the character of Frederick has a Rough and envious disposition (act one, scene two) as he banishes Rosalind from court due to the fact that he believes his daughter Celia to be in direct competition with her. Fredericks expulsion of Rosalind from court also shows that he is Humorous, as is the court. Even so, the forest does exert a beneficial influence on Frederick and converts him, showing how evil can be converted to good- Converted both from his enterprises and from the world. Similarly, the contrast between the court and the forest can also be represented by Olivers conversion from bad to good, from experiencing unnatural feelings to natural feelings upon his entry to Arden- My conversion so sweetly tastes, being the thing I am. Arden is also presented as a magical, good, mythical place in the RSC production, in which actors play trees and sheep, thus conforming to the pastoral tradition and consequently making the forest appear to be a good place. Similarly, Orlando represents the forest as it is governed by natural elements, particularly in Christine Edzards version of the text where Arden appears to be cold and windy (and smoke is billowing from a fire) and Orlando is also governed by his natural emotions and feelings. However, the court and the country are barely distinguishable in this as both are set in urban areas, thus making this a challenging interpretation at best. Also, in contrast to Amiens song about false friendship and ingratitude- Thou art not so unkind as mans ingratitude- Orlando only ever displays gratitude towards the Duke and true friendship towards the elderly Adam. This inherent good nature and display of genuine affection is comparable to the good nature of the forest. Finally, the conversation between Touchstone and Corin regarding court life versus country life in act three, scene three describes how the court dwellers mock the country dwellers, as Oliver mocks Orlando- Behaviour of the country is mockable at court. In short, the contrast between the court and the forest can be represented by the two pairs of brothers in both act one, scene one and the play as a whole.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Writing a Sample Exam Essay for the Harvard Business School

Writing a Sample Exam Essay for the Harvard Business SchoolIn the case of a sample exam essay, the question for the Harvard Business School is more on how to best explain your thoughts and how you have used those in business. What makes for a great sample exam essay? Well, the use of the word 'study' in conjunction with an essay shows that it is an exam that will help you better understand the purpose of your thesis as well as the purpose of the business of a certain organization. It is therefore very important that your essay shows a clear understanding of the things to be covered in your thesis, and how you are applying these to your organization.Writing a sample exam essay, especially a sample for the Harvard Business School, is not as easy as just going ahead and doing it. You will need to carefully think of the way you will present your own thoughts and how you have combined them to prove that you have understood them thoroughly. This is because some people may not be familiar w ith the tone of the letter in question.There are some things to consider when writing an exam; how you approach the questions you have been given, what is expected from you as a writer, and how you will feel if it goes wrong. With these tips in mind, you can create a better essay for your Harvard Business School sample exam. So what makes for a good, thought-provoking sample exam essay?Your homework will be to first assess the nature of the questions that you will have to answer during the course of the project, and then you should prepare yourself as best as you can for the test. Make sure that you are aware of the goals and objectives of the business organization as well as of the specific tasks you will be involved in to achieve these goals, and if you cannot answer the questions in a satisfactory manner, don't take any risks.You will not really want to come up with a single essay that is so wordy and full of grammatical errors that is sure to land you a D grade at the Harvard Bu siness School. A brief and to the point article should at least be considered; it will suffice just to note what will have to be written about, and how you are going to go about doing so.Furthermore, you may not even be aware of how the answers will affect the grade at the Harvard Business School. The exam is usually based on an open-ended format, which means that there are no definitive answers on the papers you may have to write. The instructor, however, would be able to tell you what answer to give the essay if you had written one, and so he may give you some hints as to what you could write.A sample exam essay for the Harvard Business School will give you a fair idea of what you need to do. To make sure that you do not get distracted, you should be sure to think carefully about what you are going to write before the exam starts. Write your essay to be short and to the point, and be sure to include all of the information and points that are important to you as a writer.

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Dells capital structure Essay Example

Dells capital structure Essay During the past five years DELL Inc.s debt ratio had been increasing. Even as early as 2002, the company already had a very high debt ratio. It had a debt ratio of sixty-five percent which is way above usual benchmark amount of fifty percent. It shows that the company is heavily reliant to debt financing to support its operation. In 2004, the companys debt ratio made a shallow dip before increasing again in 2005 and 2006. The companys debt ratio increased by   five percent from 2004 to 2005. Meanwhile, there was almost a ten percent increase in the companys debt ratio from 2005 to 2006. All in all, in the past five years, the companys debt ratio has increased by almost eighteen percent. Looking at the companys debt ratio alone will lead the investor to think that the company is very high risk. The debt ratio shows that DELL Inc. more debts than assets. This means that if a liquidation should occur, there might not be sufficient assets to pay all debts of the company, much less enou gh left over for distribution to the companys stockholders.On the other hand, the companys interest coverage ratio is very good and has been steadily improving for the past four years, except for 2006. The interest coverage ratio measures the numbers of times a company earned its interest before interest and taxes. The higher the interest coverage ratio, the company can better justify its borrowings to investors and creditors. It also meant a lower debt burden for the company.   DELL managed a respectable sixty-one percent interest coverage ratio in 2002. The interest coverage ratio of the company made a radical leap in 2003 when it increased to one hundred seventy-nine percent, more than a one hundred percent increase from prior year. Another radical leap was made in 2005 when the companys interest coverage ratio increased by more than eighty percent. The companys interest coverage ratio increased more than ten percent in 2005 before making a sharp decline in 2006. For 2006, the companys interest coverage was merely one hundred sixty-four percent. The figure can be respectable for other company, but since DELL Inc. has been doing a very good job of making its debt earn profits for the company, the figure can be a warning to investors and creditors alike. The decrease in interest coverage ratio can be attributed to the ten percent increase in its debt ratio from 2005 to 2006 which led to an increase in interest expense without a corresponding increase in net income. The company manage to acquire an additional   debt increasing its interest expense by seventy-five percent in 2006 while its net income before income tax barely increased by three percent. As mentioned above, the companys interest coverage ratio for 2006 is still very good. Investors usually considers investing in a company with at   least a one and half percent interest coverage ratio and stay away from companies with less than one percent. The figure for DELL Inc. in 2006 is way beyond thes e benchmark figures.Bond ratings are based on the companys ability to pay interest periodically and the principal amount of the debt when it matures. The January 2005 edition of Business Week reported the increase of DELL Inc.s credit rating from A- to A. Standard and Poors Ratings Services gave the companys rating a boost due to several factors. These factors include DELL Incs improving market position, consistent profitability and continuous product expansion (S;P Boosts Dells Rating para. 2). The analysts also said that DELLs efficient working capital management and consistent EBITDA margin of nine percent generate strong cash flow for the company (S;P Boosts Dells Rating para. 5). A sufficient and consistent cash flow is necessary for the company to make timely interest payments. A strong cash flow means that DELL Inc. is able to pay interest payments on time as well as the principal amount of debt as they come due.   The article also praised the companys outstanding liquidity which gives it flexibility in its cash requirements despite lack of a committed credit facility (S;P Boosts Dells Rating para. 6).;Cited Work;â€Å"S;P Boost DELLs Credit Ratings.† S;P Ratings News. January 21, 2005. Business Week Online. December 13, 2006. ;http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/jan2005/pi20050121_3300_pi036.htm;

Sunday, March 8, 2020

The Outsiders1 essays

The Outsiders1 essays In this book analysis, about the book The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton I will discuss character and plot development, as well as the setting, the authors style and my opinions about the book. In this part of the analysis I will give some information about the subjects of the book, and about the author. The author wrote the story when she was just 16 years old, in the 1950s. The book was successful, and it was sold, and still being sold, in many copies as a young adults novel. There was a movie made about it, and today there are still many schools that use this book in junior high and high schools for English classes. There were plays made about the book too. The Outsiders is about a gang. They live in a city in Oklahoma. Ponyboy Curtis, a 14 year old greaser, tells the story. Other characters include Sodapop and Darry, Ponyboy's brothers, Johnny, Dallas, and Two- Bit, that were also gang members and Ponyboy's friends. This story deals with two forms of social classes: the socs, the rich kids, and the greasers, the poor kids. The socs go around looking for trouble and greasers to beat up, and then the greasers are blamed for it, because they are poor and cannot affect the authorities. I hope you would enjoy and learn something about the book from reading this analysis. Plot Development The plot development in the book, The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, was easy to follow. In this part of the book analysis I will give some more details about the plot development. There were no hooks or hurdles in the beginning of the book, the first sentence starts right away with the plot-without any forewords. This is the beginning of the first sentence: When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house... (page 9). As you can see, it goes straight to the point without any prologues or any kind of introduction. The plot development in the middle of the story was sensible and easy to...

Friday, February 21, 2020

Library Media Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Library Media Center - Essay Example Information technology enabled libraries to expand their horizons by gaining access to diverse sources of information, which are always ready for updates due to rapid changes of the modern times. Consequently, libraries gained trust from the users of the new generation, who used to have doubt on published resources which can only be timely at the time of their publication. Additionally, extensive sharing has enabled libraries to save costs from spending library budgets due to the explosion in published output (Tanvir, 2005). However, due to the rise of the utilization of information technology in libraries, some students have began to make decisions on which school to go to based on a school library's computer services (Capron, 2002) This has created overwhelming advantages for the large universities over small universities which are still in the process of adapting the latest technology in their school libraries. Hence, the bandwagon of information technology in libraries have somehow deprived small universities from expanding technology services as potential incoming students tend to prefer universities which have already adapted to the latest technological advances. Consequently, this case applies to all libraries as most users prefer "wired" libraries than conventional ones. Hence, the increased reliance on information technology has generated a disadvantage for most conventional libraries. Moreover, as libraries tend to prefer online output of modern resources, conservative library users who still favor the use of books and journals are disadvantaged as the possibility of gaining access to published output of modern sources have become limited. If I were to assume management of a school library center in a school with little or no technological infrastructure, where would you begin your efforts to upgrade computer resources Which library related technology should receive first priority If I were to assume management of a school library center with little or no technological infrastructure, I would begin my efforts in upgrading computer resources by providing an ample amount space for a computer laboratory consisting computers with modern operating systems. Then, the first pace of adapting information technology should begin in providing internet access to this laboratory. Internet access should receive the first priority in school library centers. This is because access to the internet will enable students to get hold of online sources of information of different fields, some of which are rare to find in publications. Also, students can somehow be assured that the information on the internet is updated, as compared to the information disseminated in published resources. For instance, modern lifestyle and the latest technological advances, which may take a year before entering the pages of a published output, can instantly appear on web pages within a matter of minutes or hours. Additionally, most reliable information sources have initiated the World Wide Web, as their internal information service. For example, the European research center CERN uses the Internet in order to disseminate latest research findings to the public (Book, 1994). Hence, as the Internet rapidly spread in the academia, it will serve as a strong source of information in school library

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Research - Essay Example The demand of goods and services in the market can be defined as the total goods that people are willing and able to buy at a given price and at a given time (OConnor, Pg. 135). There could be goods and services in the market which the customers are not willing to buy or cannot afford. Such goods and services do not constitute demand. Quantity demanded on the other hand is the exact quantity of goods that are demanded at a given price. The price of the commodities influences demand (i.e.) will influence the quantity demanded. For instance, if the price of goods increases, some people might not be able to afford the commodity and as a result, the quantity demanded will decrease. Similarly, if the price decreases, some people who were not able to afford the commodity previously will now be able to afford and hence the demand will decrease (Krugman & Wells, Pp. 70). There is a law of demand which states; all other factors being held constant, an increase in price of a commodity leads to a decrease in demand. Other than price, there are a number of factors which affect the demand of a commodity. Some of them are; population, taste and preferences, nature of the goods, personal disposable income, price of substitutes as well as customer expectations among others. When the population is high, there will be more people in the market who are available to buy the goods and services. As a result, the demand will increase with an increase in population. A decrease in population on the other hand will decrease the demand. Taste and preference influence demand in that when the people have a great desire of a commodity, they are likely to buy more of it (OConnor, Pg. 137). Desire is a term that may refer to the willingness to buy. It should be noted that one may be willing to buy but they are not able to buy. This does not constitute demand. However, when people are willing to

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Investigation into the Force of a Bullet

Investigation into the Force of a Bullet The Force of a Bullet             Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to uncover whether or not, if when a person is shot in a movie and falls backwards is realistic. As the experiment was to see how far back a person goes when shot, the following hypothesis was made: if the momentum of a bullet out of a nerf gun is passed on to a toy soldier, then it will travel backwards because of the Momentum Conservation Principle. The hypothesis will be tested by using a nerf gun and bullet that will be shot at a toy soldier from various distances. Through the experimental data recorded, the hypothesis was found to be supported, however a new hypothesis could be developed to better suit this experiment. Introduction: 21st century movies show dramatic improvements in the special effects that are used to make a better movie. Over time, shooting scenes have been the main point decider in movies in whether or not it seemed realistic or over exaggerated. Although Computer-Generated-Imagery (CGI) helps to make these scenes better, how reliable is the recoil of a person falling back from taking a shot in the chest, shoulder or even the head. The realism of shooting in movies will be explored through investigating and experimenting to find out how realistic someone being shot and falling backwards is. The movie that will be used as the reference or comparison for this experiment is The Brothers Grimsby released in 2016 as an action cross adventure genre. The key scene that will be used from the movie is when Nobby, played by Sacha Baron Cohen, shoots two enemies using a 9mm gun as shown in the photo. This movie is used as the comparison due to the shooting scene looking realistic, in that when the two enemies are shot, they only fall backwards and dont jump back five meters, giving the appearance of a realistic shot or kill. For the experiment, a nerf gun was used as the replica gun for this experiment. The areas that will be explored in the experiment include Newtons Third Law, which is defined as For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Physicsclassroom.com, 2017). Newtons Third Law affects the experiment in that when the bullet is shot from the nerf gun, the energy behind the bullet is equal to that of when it hits the object and pushes it back while the bullet deflects in any given direction. Newtons Third Law relates to the Momentum Conservation Principle. The principle is a collision between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system. The total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the amount of momentum after the collision (Physicsclassroom.com, 2017). The expression of the above text can be shown through the equation of, F1 = -F2. It shows that the magnitude is the same but in opposite directions. The impulse in an object is equal to the change in momentum of that object (the impulse momentum change theorem). This means that the object contains positive and equal impulses. As an equation, this is expressed as:- p1xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  V1=p2x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  V2 p= momentum à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  V= change in velocity Theoretical Calculations: The scale that is used is 1:32 and came from the size of the object in which it represents a six and a half foot tall person. Nerf gun bullet speed is 44.6 ft/s or 13.6 m/s meaning when scaled to see if the bullet is roughly the same speed of a 9mm bullet (Stoked About Science, 2017). The results came from an external experiment where the average firing speed was found. Scale used is 1:32, therefore 3244.6 = 1427.2 ft/s 3213.6 = 435.2 m/s The muzzle velocity of a 9mm bullet is 1246.7 ft/s or 380 m/s. The nerf gun when scaled is around the same speed of a 9mm, therefore it allows the experiment to be a realistic scale replica of the movies shooting scene. Momentum of the nerf bullet where mass of bullet equals 0.001kg. Momentum= mass x velocity p= m x v p= 0.001 x 13.6 p= 0.0136 kg/ms-1 m= mass of nerf bullet (1 gram) v= speed of nerf bullet in (13.6 ms-1) Momentum of the bullet equals 0.0136 kilograms-metre per second. Using the momentum change theorem to find how far back the soldier went. P= momentum P1=0.0136 P2=Unknown à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  v= change in velocity à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  v1=13.6 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  v2=0.036 The equation is rearranged to find m2 Therefore the momentum of the toy soldier is equal to change in momentum of p1-p2. Change in momentum To find the length of how far back the toy soldier went, the acceleration formula is used. a = acceleration (ms2) 13.60 = 13.6-2.6810-3 vf = the final velocity (m/s) vi = the initial velocity (m/s) t = the time in which the change occurs (s) By finding the time, we can now calculate the distance by using the formula The theoretical length of the distance of how far back the toy soldier should go is 0.49 meters. Hypothesis: By using the background research that has been collected, the following hypothesis for the experiment was formed. If the momentum of a bullet out of a nerf gun is passed on to a toy soldier, then it will travel backwards because of the Momentum Conservation Principle. Material List: Nerf Gun The nerf gun was used as the comparison weapon to the 9mm gun used in the movie as it had similar speeds when scaled. Toy Soldier The toy soldier was the scaled replica of a human which was also the item that was shot at. Tape measure A tape measure was used to calculate the distance from where the shooter would be and to measure the length of how far back the toy soldier went when shot. 30cm ruler A ruler was used to keep the toy soldier parallel to the spot where they were going to be shot from. Enclosed Dome measuring scale The scale was used to measure the mass of the soldier to help with calculations for the theoretical data. Method: As the materials required could be sourced from home, there wasnt any needed to be ordered at school. Finding a suitable place that wouldnt be affected was the first priority as wind could easily blow the bullets around and have made the experiment harder to do. The classroom next to the physics room wasnt in use and due to it having enough room to shoot; it was the perfect area to conduct the experiment. Some desk and chairs needed to be moved to allow a wide and long enough section where the tape measure could be laid out. A 30cm ruler was used as a reference point and laid across the two metre mark on the measuring tape. The toy soldiers were placed just behind the ruler so they were parallel to the two metre mark on the tape measure. The shooter held the nerf gun at the four metre mark (two meters away from the targets) and shot the soldiers five times. Before every shot was taken, the shooter made sure that the front of the gun wasnt past the four metre mark on the barrel so then the results would be as consistent as they could be. The range of where the shooter was changed at the end of the five shots by one metre (three metres away from the target) to see if there would be a change in the distance of how far back the toy soldier went. Five shots (that hit the targets) were fired again and the results recorded into a table. The distance was changed for the final length to be four metres away from the toy soldiers with five shots that hit the toy soldiers to be recorded. The results that were recorded took the data of the travel of the toy soldier from where it had been placed. The dependent variable for the experiment is the change in distances of how far back the bullet was shot from. The independent variable of the test was the speed of the bullet as it didnt change (the same gun was used). The controlled variable of the test was the object being hit and the room that the experiment was conducted in. A layout of the experiment is shown below. Safety: The safety procedures that were followed consisted of wearing safety glasses and having an empty room. Although there was minimal chance of a bullet deflecting into an eye, glasses were worn to prevent any injuries to the eye. Having an empty room meant that there wasnt anyone to accidently hit compared to if the experiment was conducted in the main teaching room where there were other experiments being conducted. Results: The results of the experiment have been collected and recorded into the table below. Table 1. Shot No. Range from target (m) Distance from where the toy soldier was placed (m) 1 2 1.48 2 2 1.37 3 2 0.15* 4 2 1.89 5 2 0.95 Average of shot 1-5 excluding shot 3(*) 2 1.42 6 3 1.63 7 3 0.62 8 3 0.84 9 3 1.47 10 3 1.12 Average of shot 6-10 3 1.13 11 4 0.96 12 4 1.15 13 4 1.21 14 4 0.76 15 4 0.89 Average of shot 11-15 4 0.99 (*) means that shot 3 is not included in average calculation due to it being an anomaly. Result from theoretical calculations. Table 2. Shot No. Range from target (m) Distance from where the toy soldier was placed (m) 1 unknown 0.49 A chart of the average distance of how far back the toy soldier is displayed below to show the averages from the distances shot. Graph 1 Discussion and Conclusion: Looking at the results from table one and the graph one, a pattern emerges that shows how the further away the shooter is, the less the toy soldier goes back. Table one shows that although there is a decrease in the length of how far back the toy soldier goes; the results were not all similar to each other in that there wasnt just a two or five centimetre difference, but a 10-30 cm difference. Graph one shows the average of how far back the toy soldier goes and shows that the further back the shooter is, the less momentum there is to pass onto the object. In the first five shots, (range of two metres) an anomaly occurred that was not included in graph one. Compared to the other distances, it was not included as it had an 80cm gap between the next smallest distance that was recorded. The reason for why this occurred is unknown but the most logical reason for this anomaly is that the bullet hit the ground just before hitting the toy soldier loosing most of its momentum before impact. The results from the experiment also are similar to a real world bullet, in that when a bullet is fired, wind, air resistance and gravity affect the travel and trajectory of where it will land. Wind impacts the sideways movement and with air resistance, it slows down the speed of the bullet. Gravity impacts the height and overall distance of the bullet. These three impacts affect the nerf bullet just the same, but a lot more as the bullet its lighter and has less energy behind it. The results from the experiment shown in table one and graph one show the distance decreases as the shot is taken further back. Compared to the theoretical table, the results between the theoretical and experimental calculations are not similar as there is a significant difference in the distances when compared. The theoretical result is close to the distance of how far back the two people go in the movie The Brothers Grimsby where the experimental results are about a metre off. The results from the table and chart from the experiment show that increasing distance from where the shooter shoots from will reduce the distance of how far the toy soldier travels backwards. Therefore the hypothesis, If the momentum of a bullet out of a nerf gun is passed on to a toy soldier, then it will travel backwards because of the Momentum Conservation Principle is shown to be supported. Evaluation: The errors of the experiment consist of the shooter and the environment. The errors of the shooter involve accuracy, data recording and the position of where the gun was held. The environment that the experiment was held in also affected the results in how the bullet was affected by its surroundings (air conditions) and also the room itself. Accuracy of the bullet hitting the toy soldier had a major effect to how far back the soldier would go backwards. The reason why this was a problem is because if the bullet hits the soldier in the arm, then it wont go straight back, but more of a diagonally path that is to the left or right of the soldier. The momentum transfer is also affected because the arm is smaller than the bullet, not all of the energy will transfer compared to if it was shot in the chest. Data recording was done to a good standard, yet improvements can be made to make sure the right length is recorded to improve overall accuracy. As the toy soldier is five centimetres long, choosing what spot (head, feet or the chest) to look at to measure from when next to the tape measure was a problem. The solution to fix this is to have a laser set up with the point of the toy soldier that it furthest away from where it was when shot. This solution would give an increase in accuracy with the way data is recorded. The position of where the shot was made from also affected the results taken, but also how much momentum the bullet had upon impact. If the gun is in front of the point where it should be on the measuring tape, then the bullet will have more momentum than if it was shot from behind the point on the measuring tape. Although this will have only minor affects, a centimetre or two will decrease the accuracy of the average distance of how far back the toy soldier went. The overall experiment can be improved to help the accuracy of the results. Although the nerf gun is scaled down in the speed of a real gun, by having real guns and bullets the experiment will be similar to that of the movie scene. The object that would be shot at could be a pig or mannequin (as shown in MythBusters) that is similar in size and weight of a real person and placed on a stand to hold it up right. In the experiment, different bullet sizes can be used to see the differences of a .22 to a 9mm to a 50 calibre. The hypothesis for the experiment that was conducted can be improved. The new hypothesis that could be tested is, when a nerf bullet is shot at a toy soldier, the distance of how far back it moves will decrease as the range is increased. Bibliography In-text: (Grimsby Brothers,2016) Your Bibliography: Grimsbys Finest Nobby Opens Up About New Film Detailing His Life. Newscom Au. N.p., 2017. Web. 4 Mar. 2017. In-text: (9mm Ammo, 2017) Your Bibliography: 9mm Ammo. (2017). [online] Available at: http://9ammo.com/ [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. TOY MICROWAVE PICTURE In-text: (Aliexpress.com, 2017) Your Bibliography: Aliexpress.com. (2017). toy microwave Picture [online] Available at: http://www.aliexpress.com/item-img/1-Soft-Bullet-Clip-And-20-Pcs-Bullets-For-Nerf-Gun-Toy-Cartridge-Dart-Magazine-Ammo/32510200688.html# [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. MOMENTUM In-text: (Physicsclassroom.com, 2017) Your Bibliography: Physicsclassroom.com. (2017). Momentum. 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WHAT ARE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES?-NCES KIDS ZONE In-text: (Nces.ed.gov, 2017) Your Bibliography: Nces.ed.gov. (2017). What are Independent and Dependent Variables?-NCES Kids Zone. [online] Available at: https://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/help/user_guide/graph/variables.asp [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017].